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Figure 1. a) PK-15 cells cultured in CD PK15 259 medium demonstrated stable serial passaging with a doubling time of approximately 18 ± 1 hours. b) In batch culture, CD PK15 259 medium supported high-density growth of PK-15 cells, reaching a maximum viable cell density of 11.0 × 10⁶ cells/mL. c) CD PK15 259 medium promoted efficient propagation of viruses including rotavirus (RV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).